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Journal Source: Annals of Tourism Research Volume 31 Volume 30 Volume 29 Volume 28 Volume 27 Volume 26 Volume 25 Volume 24 Volume 23 Volume 22 J. Sustainable Tourism Tourism Management  |
MSc
Responsible Tourism Management Annals
of Tourism Research [Volume 22, Issue 2][Volume 22, Issue 3][Volume 22, Issue 4]
Postmodern tourism
: The Santa Claus Industry, Pages 1-15 In the 1980s, Finnish tourist authorities launched a new tourism strategy for the province of Lapland. It was designated "Santa Claus Land" and marketing plans and tourist attractions were developed around this theme. The centerpiece of the strategy was the Santa Claus Village in the city of Rovaniemi. This study examines the development of a Santa Claus industry in Lapland, and applies critical theory to develop an understanding of why tourists visit such attractions. It is argued that Santa Claus acts as a marker for the intangible attraction of Christmas, and that Santa Claus has become increasingly commodified, allowing tourists to consume intangible concepts such as Christmas. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cross-boder
shopping : A North American perspective, Pages 16-34 This paper examines the place of cross-border shopping in the context of tourism between Canada and the United States and the implications that this has for the role of shopping as a generator of tourism. A review of the relationship between shopping and tourism is followed by an examination of the sudden increase in cross-border shopping in North America of the 1980s, and the public and private sector responses. This surge of Canadian cross-border shoppers resulted in a significant increase in the travel deficit for Canada and attracted political, legislative, economic, and social reaction. Models are proposed as aids to understanding the role of cross- border shopping in tourism. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ethnic tourism
and nationalism in wales, Pages 35-52 This paper examines the role of ethnic tourism in nationalist movements. The colonial experience is a double victimization in that cultural devaluation often accompanies material conquest and exploitation. Nationalist rhetoric reflects this experience, projecting a dual message of historical injustice and cultural revaluation. This study focuses on the potential of ethnic tourism in Wales to serve as a medium for the nationalist message, by projecting an image of the Welsh both as victims of injustice and as bearers of a distinctive culture. Analysis of Welsh attractions suggests that tourism provides a resource for the nationalist movement, by furnishing yet another outlet for its message. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism and
gambling content analysis, Pages 53-66 A newspaper content analysis of tourism and gambling in Deadwood, South Dakota (USA) provides information on the issues portrayed to the general public about gaming. In five years, 712 articles written in three local newspapers portrayed five general categories of information: economics, regulatory concerns, initial questions on gaming, logistics and planning needed, and negatives toward gaming. Trends in newspaper accounts show gaming is a vital player in tourism and the economic growth of the community. However, gaming is continually questioned as the answer for economic development. Social issues and negative issues of gaming tend to become more prevalent after gaming has been initiated in a small community. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Behavioral conceptualization
of tourism and leisure, Pages 67-85 Understanding the conceptual relationships between tourism and leisure is important, particularly if tourism is considered a "special" form of leisure. The paper begins with behavioral conceptualizations of tourism and leisure, followed by a comparative behavioral analysis of tourism and leisure, then an examination of social theoretical accounts of the two fields. It argues that tourism is not a special form of leisure and that differences in social theoretical analyses of tourism and leisure might result from different research ideologies. Finally, the article concludes with the presentation of a behavioral synthesis of the two fields, along with identification of areas for future research. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Residents' perceptions
and the role of government, Pages 86-102 Molotch argues that cities may be conceived as growth machines designed to maximize the interests of a small, powerful elite. Future land-use and the competition for it constitute the political and economic essence of any locality. Each comprises a number of smaller (nested) communities which emerge in reaction to public policy decisions regarding land-use, with each group having a particular vision of land development. On the basis of residents' perceptions, this study identifies three nested clusters of residents from two cities located in two different countries. Attitudes toward local government's role in tourism are compared. As hypothesized, differences among nested communities are greater than differences between cities. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A meta-analysis
of tourism demand, Pages 103-118 This article integrates the empirical findings of 80 studies of international tourism demand. This was achieved using meta-analytical techniques –– a field of statistics that has evolved in recent years and puts much more scientific rigor into integrative studies. Individual empirical studies produce useful results, but generalizations depend on the synthesis of these results across studies. The article shows that artifactual effects, and substantive and methodological inter-study differences account for much of the variation in findings. It discusses those results concerning the effect of country-of-origin and country-of-destination on the estimated determinants of international tourism demand. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Entrepreneurial
training in developing countries, Pages 119-134 This paper advocates a three-pronged approach to tourism education consisting of professional, vocational, and entrepreneurial training. In the past, the debate on appropriate tourism education in developing countries has centered on the relative merits of two of these approaches –– professional education and vocational training. This discussion, however, focuses on the third component: entrepreneurial development. The importance of entrepreneurship in the tourism industry is discussed and some examples of existing programs are provided. Four criteria for the design of a successful entrepreneurial development program are outlined. Finally, the special economic, political, and social issues facing the educators of tourism entrepreneurs in developing countries are addressed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Development
of tourism in swaziland, Pages 135-156 The paper analyzes the development of tourism in Swaziland with specific reference to Butler's concept of a tourism destination area cycle. Tourism in this African Kingdom evolved in five stages: exploration, inactivity, transition, truncated development, and decline and attempted rejuvenation. Its divergence from Butler's ideal type is analyzed in some detail, but is attributed primarily to external factors beyond Swazi control. Initial tourism developments occurred while the country was a British colony and, as in Lesotho and Botswana, with which Swaziland is compared, further expansion was conditioned by the country's position as a periphery of the Republic of South Africa. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism and
development in Tunisia, Pages 157-171 Economic liberalization policies, externally imposed structural requirements, and Tunisia's comparative advantage have led the government to pursue tourism on a large scale. The growth of this sector has been phenomenal as evidenced by large scale hotel resort enclaves for Europeans and supportive infrastructural commitments by government and the private sector. The economic impact has been impressive in deficit reduction, capital accumulation, and balance of trade, but shows a vulnerability to the vicissitudes of international events. Despite economic gains, Tunisian policymakers are faced with cost/benefit ratio decision due to social and environmental impacts and the clash between Islamic and European values. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism in Kenya
and the marginalization of Swahili, Pages 172-185 Swahili people in Kenya remain relatively invisible to tourists as they were to colonialists. Their language and culture is sidelined politically and economically while the idea of Swahili helps foster nationalism and economic growth. Swahili and the position of its speakers vis-à-vis other languages and groups in the country is described as marginal, despite Swahili's role as the national and an official language. Standardized Swahili appears in formal contexts, but in business, government, and industry is used as an urban mixed-language form quite different from coastal Swahili and its literary and ethnic association. As Kenya undergoes nationbuilding and economic change, Swahili-speaking people are acquiring an ethnicity where perhaps none existed before. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Collaboration
theory and community tourism planning, Pages 186-204 This paper applies the theoretical constructs of collaboration to tourism destinations and offers insight into interorganizational collaboration for one specific tourism domain, the planning and development of local, community-based tourism destinations. Drawing primarily from the literature on interorganizational relations, the theoretical constructs of collaboration are discussed first. Challenges and considerations in the planning and development of local tourist destinations are then summarized, followed by examples of community-based collaboration research. Propositions are presented for guiding collaborative initiatives and for investigating the application of collaboration theory to the planning and development of tourism destinations, from a community-involvement perspective. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Foreign Price
Perception, Pages 205-207 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Perceived impacts
of tourism by residents, Pages 208-210 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Does tourism
destroy agriculture?, Pages 210-213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Building for
tomorrow, Pages 213-215 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism planning
and development in Asia, Pages 215-217
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