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Journal Source: Annals of Tourism Research Volume 31 Volume 30 Volume 29 Volume 28 Volume 27 Volume 26 Volume 25 Volume 24 Volume 23 Volume 22 J. Sustainable Tourism Tourism Management  |
MSc
Responsible Tourism Management Annals
of Tourism Research [Volume 26, Issue 1][Volume 26, Issue 2][Volume 26, Issue 3]
Tourism employment
during economic transition, Pages 747-771 This study examines labor mobility into tourism employment during economic transition. Working from the proposition that the industry serves as a refuge, it discusses the inward mobility patterns from other economic sectors, assesses the impact of the change, and measures the motivations for taking up such occupations. The study found that workers came from an unusually wide range of industries, which supports the idea of upheaval in the labor market. While there is little indication it is causing widespread personal suffering, evidence for the "refuge" role of tourism was found. Employment in this industry emerges as being attractive and accessible for people with various stock of human capital. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Destination
place planning and design, Pages 772-791 Destination place management requires that land use and development issues be addressed. Despite considerable advancement in the methodological processes, there is still no clear conceptual destination model to address these issues. Existing models have largely been developed through a fragmented case-study approach and have not yet achieved a sufficiently integrated conceptual basis for a comprehensive understanding of the spatial characteristics of destination regions. This paper attempts to sharpen the conceptualization of the core elements of destination regions by building upon existing models and concepts. The model presented here is a systemic construct and provides for a common platform from which investigations can proceed into the normative and functional aspects of spatial destination design. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Magnitude of
ecotourism in Costa Rica and Kenya, Pages 792-816 An examination of ecotourism patterns within Costa Rica and Kenya reveals differential magnitudes across an array of relevant criteria. If measured in terms of specialized accommodations, visits by specialist ecotourists, direct social and economic impact, activity space, or government investment, ecotourism is a relatively minor activity. More congruent with the popular image of these two countries as high profile ecotourism destinations are total tourist activity time, ecotourism as a visitor motivation, and indirect revenue generation, all of which are substantial or major. It is argued that this touristic form of development and practice exists in a symbiotic relationship with mass tourism, and the more intensive types should be considered as a type of the latter. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cognitive maps
of nature-based tourists, Pages 817-839 To investigate tourists' spatial conceptions of large-scale natural environments, this study explored sketch-maps drawn by a sample of 403 nature-based tourists visiting the Daintree and Cape Tribulation area, Australia. Multivariate comparisons of the style and content of sketch-maps revealed that visitors possessed a relatively limited spatial knowledge of the area, and that this knowledge varied according to the mode of travel, previous visitation, length of stay in the area, and the origin, age and gender of visitors. While the factors influencing environmental learning were identified, questions were raised concerning the salience of spatial knowledge in the overall experience of unfamiliar natural settings. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Governance in
context: Boracay Island, Philippines, Pages 840-867 Case study research of community tourism planning in the developing world rarely focuses on the combined effects of history, markets, culture, legislation, and politics. This case study of Boracay Island, Philippines suggests that understanding these contextual factors is essential for sustainable tourism development. The research led to the conclusion that better planning based on a broad systematic assessment should be coupled with improved governance to move from knowledge to implementation. Better governance should clearly delineate local, regional and national roles and incorporate community input to mitigate against the adverse effects of tourism development while maximizing benefits. The lessons learned have implications for tourism throughout the developing world. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A model of destination
image formation, Pages 868-897 mage has been shown to be an important influence in the selection of vacation destinations. A model that represents the important determinants of destination image formation was developed based on previous studies in a number of fields. The research reported in this article presents the results of an empirical test of the model using path analysis. A major finding of the study was that a destination image is formed by both stimulus factors and tourists' characteristics. The results of this investigation provide important implications for strategic image management and can aid in designing and implementing marketing programs for creating and enhancing tourism destination images. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Romanian tourism
in the post-communist period, Pages 898-927 This paper examines tourism development in post-communist Romania. It first examines tourism trends between 1989 and 1997. International arrivals are faltering, due to political/economic instability since 1989, the legacy of a decaying tourism infrastructure, and poor standards of service. Post-communist economic restructuring has significantly depressed domestic tourism, with the accommodation sector also declining. This leads to a discussion on tourism restructuring, particularly the privatization of accommodation, the introduction and regulation of standards for it, and the training/education of tourism personnel. Next, future prospects are considered, specially rural, heritage and cultural tourism. The paper concludes that, despite Romania's considerable tourism potential, the immediate future prospects are not encouraging. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Measuring the
ethical nature of tourism operators, Pages 928-943 Selected ecotourism, adventure, fishing, cruiseline, and golf operators were studied in an effort to determine possible ethical differences among them as distinct groups. Through the implementation of a multidimensional ethics scale, the resulting data illustrate that ecotourism operators were in fact more ethical than their counterparts in the other groups. This became apparent on the basis of analyzing their responses to ethical economic, social, and ecological issues outlined in three scenarios. The paper examines the influence of education, organizational size, and the use of codes of ethics in day-to-day business operation and practice to help explain the differences that exist among the participating groups. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism and
ethnicity: The brotherhood of coconuts, Pages 944-967 This paper relates the impact of tourism development in the coastal area of Malindi, Kenya, to the stimulation and negotiation of ethnic conflict within the host community. The thesis is that tourism acts as a catalyst for the re-interpretation of identity among members of the local community who depend on or are otherwise affected by the industry and its many businesses. One implication is that the observed inter-ethnic relationships within this community should be understood as having been mitigated by tourism. A further implication is that the tourist contact may result in unforeseen outcomes that may or may not favor further tourism development. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism and
crime in the Caribbean, Pages 968-984 This study reviews the general literature on tourism and crime and the recent history of violent and property crime in several Caribbean destinations. It highlights the failure of most previous research to discriminate crimes against tourists vs. residents. Annual crime data for Barbados for 1989–93 are analyzed and reveal that overall guest victimization rates are higher than host rates. Residents are significantly more likely to be victimized by violent crime while tourists are significantly more likely to experience property crime and robbery. Monthly data on guest victimization for 1990–93 show similar patterns. The paper concludes with a number of measures to enhance tourist safety. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The supply of
hotel rooms in Queensland, Australia, Pages 985-1003 Most studies emphasize the demand for tourism goods and services. By contrast, this paper examines the supply decisions of hotel and motel owners with respect to guest rooms. This decision is hypothesized to depend upon earnings per room, room occupancy rates, and the rate of interest. The reaction of hoteliers to changes in the values of these particular variables is modelled econometrically for the 1986–94 period in the three tourism regions of the Gold Coast, Whitsunday, and Cairns of Queensland in Australia. The study shows that, over this investigation period, the supply responses were very different among the three regions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Measuring tourist
judgment on service quality, Pages 1004-1021 This study measures tourist judgments on service quality in alpine ski resorts. An attribute based method was employed in order to estimate weighting schemes both for quality judgments across different tourism activity domains and different quality dimensions within winter resorts and to quantify an overall quality measure. A linear regression and Sirgy's congruity model of customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction were adopted. The results indicate that there exists a linear relationship between the overall quality measure and the partial judgments of each domain/dimension. This allows deciphering the relevance of different domains of tourism activity and quality dimensions within the process of making quality judgments. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Examining tourism
motivation methodologies, Pages 1022-1024 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A model of tourism
experience and attitude change, Pages 1024-1027 |
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