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Journal Source: Annals of Tourism Research Volume 31 Volume 30 Volume 29 Volume 28 Volume 27 Volume 26 Volume 25 Volume 24 Volume 23 Volume 22 J. Sustainable Tourism Tourism Management  |
MSc
Responsible Tourism Management Annals
of Tourism Research [Volume 30, Issue 2][Volume 30, Issue 3][Volume 30, Issue 4]
Festival
as creative destination, Pages 7-30 The Edinburgh "Festival" positions the city via creativity. Its success in attracting audiences for the performing arts contrasts with the limited extent it appears to modify the general image of Scotland among its tourists. Three styles of consumption are considered: Edinburgh as a tourism-historic city; Scottish performing arts; and international performing arts. The festival is judged successful in its international arts positioning in terms of the core of serious repeat tourists it attracts, but much less so in modifying the image of Scotland as a "landscape and tradition" destination. It is suggested that if the focus of consumption is not seen as typical of a wider destination, familiarity will not necessarily impel changes in how the destination is imagined. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A
model of demand for international tourism, Pages 31-49 A demand model for international tourism based on the consumer theory of choice is developed. The model is applied to US, UK, Japan, and New Zealand demands for tourism in Australia and chosen alternative destinations. Estimated models are in conformity with the basic postulates of consumer theory, homogeneity, and symmetry. Derived elasticities reveal substantial cross-demand effects, reflecting the diversity of tourist preferences. The study has generated substantial new information on the effects and sensitivity of economic parameters on international tourism. The findings should assist in formulating broad national policy measures directed towards maintaining and enhancing relative competitiveness enjoyed by individual destinations and in developing strategic policy initiatives to maximize gains from tourism. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Highland
and other haunts: Ghosts in Scottish Tourism, Pages 50-63 Ghosts and other paranormal entities exist neither in this world or the next, nor in one particular spatial and temporal location. However, ghostly qualities have been used within, and to create, particular sociospatial contexts. This paper traces the history of the parts played by spooks in constructing Scotland as a prime tourism location. Its landscapes, cityscapes, and habitations have been interpretatively re-created over the last two centuries producing conceptions of Scottish history which privilege the mysteriousness of a Highland and Celtic past. By interrogating the shifting relations between ghosts/haunted spaces and tourism, this paper reveals some of the mechanisms developed to stimulate the industry. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor
mobility into tourism: Attraction and Satisfaction, Pages 64-76 The article reports a study of labor mobility into tourism that attempts to replicate the findings of previous research conducted in a different setting. Data was collected from an urban and a rural region of the United Kingdom on mobility patterns, orientations to tourism employment, and the impacts of the change. The study supports the findings of the previous work but found no significant differences between the rural and the urban experience of mobility. Tourism employment as a "way of life" received support from the evidence that people were prepared to surrender education-occupation compatibility in return for a more self-controlled work-life relationship. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism
and understanding: The MBA Study Mission, Pages 77-93 The literature suggests that limited attention has been paid to the international student market despite its growing volume. This study examines a particular segment of it, the MBA business study mission, which has received far less research attention still. Using participants of a university sponsored Middle East study tour group from Singapore as a test population, this paper discusses how attitudes and perceptions of students are affected by participation in such an in-depth tourism experience, and how this in turn has significant positive and negative impacts upon their attitudes towards their hosts and host countries. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- In
need of new environmental ethics for tourism?, Pages 94-108 The principal aim of this paper is to evaluate the actions of tourism stakeholders towards nature within the context of environmental ethics. Through an understanding of the ethical stance taken by stakeholders towards nature, it becomes possible to comprehend actions and evaluate their suitability. The conceptual literature in the field of environmental ethics is utilized to analyze the policy statements and actions of stakeholders. The main conclusion is that the majority of them now pursue an ethic of conservation vis-a-vis an instrumental use of nature. However there seems to be little desire for a further shift to a non-anthropocentric environmental ethic. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ECOSERV:
Ecotourists' Quality Expectations, Pages 109-124 The objective of this study was to investigate the service quality expectations of the ecotourists by developing an adapted version of the SERVQUAL scale named ECOSERV. Factor analysis revealed six service dimensions: eco-tangibles, assurance, reliability, responsiveness, empathy, and tangibles. Ecotourists showed a hierarchy of dimensions relating to ecotourist businesses, the most important being eco-tangibles and the least important tangibles. The findings revealed that ecotourists tend to expect businesses to be environmentally friendly and prefer services that are courteous, informative, and trustworthy. In addition, physical facilities that were environmentally appropriate and equipment that minimizes environmental degradation were found more important to the ecotourists. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tourism
and nationalism, Pages 125-142 The viewing of heritage sights by domestic tourists is a key aspect in the formation and maintenance of a national identity, especially when nationalism is understood as an "imagined community." Tourist sights may function in the same way as do museums in Benedict Anderson's classic study of nationalism: as places presenting the defining characteristics of nationhood and displaying historical evidence of its existence. Using three examples from the American state of South Dakota––Mount Rushmore National Memorial, Wall Drug Store, and Rapid City Dinosaur Park––this article argues that, despite their recent creation, each provides a foundational history and "archeology" upon which a national identity can be built. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pilgrimage
at contested sites, Pages 143-159 Pilgrimage, whether traditional and religious or modern and secular, is experiencing a resurgence around the world. Increasing indications suggest that there is contest for access and use of sacred sites. This contest sometimes involves traditional owners who likewise hold these sites sacred, with their managers and commercial operators also drawn into this conflict as the case study on Uluu (Ayers Rock) illustrates. The comparatively recent "no-climbing please" campaign, coupled with the fact that some modern secular pilgrims are illegally entering sacred sites, presents many dilemmas for Park managers and the traditional owners, the latter reaping significant financial rewards from the half a million tourists who come to Uluu annually. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Subjective
norms: Effects on Job Satisfaction, Pages 160-177 To investigate new employees' socialization in a more structured manner, it is necessary to contextualize the process by considering moderators impacting upon the relationship between unmet expectations regarding workplace benefits and atmosphere. These considerations must also be related to the socialization outcomes, including job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the impact of subjective norms as a potential moderator on these relationships. Results show that subjective norms interact on job satisfaction but not on turnover intentions. Unique Chinese cultural features are also considered. Good mentorship and family-contact events are recommended to enhance new employees' job satisfaction. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Market
segmentation by tourists' sentiments, Pages 178-193 This research outlines valuable market segments entangling tourists' sentiments toward marketing. A criterion-based scheme integrating a Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection algorithm is utilized to separate the respondents into four mutually exclusive segments. Among the resultant four, two are identified as actionable segments according to the gain index scores stemming from the algorithm procedure. Results from the study indicate that there are significant variations in demographic and trip characteristics among the respondents grouped into actionable segments and those belonging to non-actionable ones. With analyses of two actionable segments, variations in demographic and trip characteristics are also manifested. The study concludes with marketing implications and new research directions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Social
impacts of the Sydney Olympics, Pages 194-215 This paper, drawing on social exchange theory, examines the changes in enthusiasm between 1998 and 2000 towards Sydney's Olympics among a socially diverse sample of host city residents. In particular, it studies variables that differentiate respondents' altering attitude. Results suggest that for the majority the reaction to Sydney's Olympics intensified from 1998, reaching euphoria in September 2000. Elation was particularly evident among those living in the city's western suburbs, those with dependent children, those from non-English backgrounds, or who perceived the event's wider economic benefits as outweighing personal costs. Implications arising from this project are considered for future researchers and organizers of hallmark events. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Motion
picture impacts on destination images, Pages 216-237 This study employed an experimental design to assess the extent to which viewing a specific popular motion picture altered cognitive and affective images of the place it depicted, as well as familiarity with, and interest in visiting it. A conceptual framework, which introduces the concept of vicarious experience through empathy, is introduced, and the role of empathy in explaining perceptual change is explored. Implications of the study pertain to the development of theoretical understandings about the relationships of movies––as a form of popular culture––to destination images. Additionally, marketing ideas associated with these relationships are discussed. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The
core of heritage tourism, Pages 238-254 The paper challenges the idea that heritage tourism is simply represented by tourists at heritage attractions and suggests rather that perceptions more properly lie at its core. Relationships among four groups of variables (personal characteristics, site attributes, awareness, perceptions) and behavior (before, during, and after) are investigated. The results indicate that the perception of a place as part of personal heritage is associated with the visitation patterns. In particular those who view a place as bound up with their own heritage are likely to behave significantly differently from others. Understanding this is useful for the study of tourists' behavior and for the management of sites. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stakeholders'
Views on Higher Tourism Education, Pages 255-258 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SERVQUAL
Reliability and Validity in Travel Agencies, Pages 258-262
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