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Journal Source: Annals of Tourism Research Volume 31 Volume 30 Volume 29 Volume 28 Volume 27 Volume 26 Volume 25 Volume 24 Volume 23 Volume 22 J. Sustainable Tourism Tourism Management  |
MSc
Responsible Tourism Management Annals
of Tourism Research [Volume 31, Issue 1][Volume 31, Issue 3][Volume 31, Issue 4]
No-escape
natural disaster: Mitigating Impacts on Tourism Pages 255-273 The 1999 Taiwan earthquake destroyed infrastructure and seriously damaged tourists’ relationships to a popular destination area. Studies for agencies yielded information requested and raised questions about research methodology for understanding the impact of natural disasters from which there is no lead-time to escape. It is argued that in order to mitigate impacts of no-escape natural disasters on tourism, special research on the psychological and behavioral consequences of fear and risk are needed. Study of how fear and perceived risk of no-escape natural disaster influence placement of a destination in evoked sets is proposed as critical for more effective decision-making. A travel decision theory based research framework and related survey methodology are introduced. RECONCEPTUALIZING
TOURISM Pages 274-295 Abstract This article argues that in order to facilitate a more effective transition to sustainability, tourism researchers need to keep abreast of transformations occurring in related fields, especially ecosystem ecology, ecological economics, global change science, and complexity theory. New knowledge from these spheres relating to complex adaptive systems, a necessary retreat from reductionism, extensive integration of human and natural systems, new interpretations of sustainability, and the emergence of sustainability science is of great relevance to contemporary tourism study. The article provides an introduction to the potentially extensive application of this knowledge to tourism and concludes by suggesting a reconceptualization of the field of study to accommodate it. DISTANCE
EFFECTS ON RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD TOURISM Pages 296-312 A theoretical model of resident support for tourism that is based on the social exchange theory was shown to be valid regardless of the distance between residents’ homes and tourism attractions. However, distance had a significant effect on how the costs and benefits were evaluated. Recreation resource users living closest to the attraction who used it heavily felt more negatively about tourism than did those users living further away. Environmentally sensitive residents who lived closest to the site were more supportive of tourism than more distant residents. REGIONAL
TOURISM PLANNING IN SPAIN: Evolution and Perspectives Pages 313-333 Spain’s democratization and decentralization process during the late 70s opened new ways for regional tourism planning, on a scale that had been neglected in the context of Franco’s regime’s centralist policy. Twenty years after the transfer of powers to autonomous communities started, the results obtained in regional planning matters are uneven and, in general, scant. The consolidation of regional tourism policies shows its weakest point in the field of planning. Among the causes of this situation is the difficulty of fitting the various (sectorial, territorial, economic, sociocultural, or environmental) dimensions of tourism within the present distribution of powers, this being a problem that requires coordinated and truly operative political and technical solutions. AN
ANALYSIS OF WHALEWATCHING CODES OF CONDUCT Pages 334-352 Whalewatching has grown into a major tourist activity, yet there are many concerns about its negative impacts. This has stimulated the development of a large number of codes of conduct. This paper presents the results of a manifest content analysis of 58 such codes from around the world. The analysis revealed considerable variation among them, not least in terms of the detail of the various guidelines they contain. This variation is not considered to be propitious for the sustainable development of whalewatching, particularly given how little is currently known about the nature of human-cetacean interactions and the complex and highly fragmented regulatory context in which this activity tends to take place. AN
INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF TOURISTS’ INFORMATION SEARCH BEHAVIOR Pages 353-373
This article develops a comprehensive theoretical model that integrates the psychological/motivational, economics, and processing approaches into a cohesive whole for understanding tourists’ information seeking behavior. The model proposes that for immediate pre-purchase information needs, a consumer is likely to utilize either internal or external sources, or both. The search is likely to be influenced directly by the perceived internal and external costs, and the level of involvement required. Familiarity and expertise, learning and previous visits indirectly influence the search. Their influences are mediated by familiarity and expertise with the destination, which are, in turn, mediated by external and internal costs. Twenty-one propositions are developed for future testing. ANALYZING
SEASONALITY IN WELSH ROOM OCCUPANCY DATA Pages 374-392 This paper analyzes the seasonal variations in occupancy rates for the accommodation sector in Wales over the period 1998 to 2000. The approach is based on a combination of principal components and cluster analysis. The results are used to group establishments with similar performance profiles. Some general relationships between occupancy performance and the characteristics of the accommodation businesses in Wales are identified. The analysis extends to the hotel and other parts of the serviced accommodation sector allowing comparisons to be drawn. Several concrete pointers for tailoring marketing strategies to the requirements of different accommodation segments are discussed. ATTRIBUTES
OF POPULAR CULTURAL ATTRACTIONS IN HONG KONG Pages 393-407 A supply-side study of cultural attractions was conducted in Hong Kong, using indepth interviews with managers and custodians of built assets having varying degrees of tourism appeal. The purpose of the study was to identify why some places are more popular than others. Five different attribute categories were identified: product, experiential, marketing, cultural, and leadership. The study concluded that factors relating to product, experience, and marketing are keys to popularity. In particular, large purpose-built facilities located in tourism nodes have the greatest chance of being popular. The study concludes that cultural places must function first and foremost as attractions to be popular. ROLES
TOURISTS PLAY: An Australian Perspective Pages 408-427 Understanding leisure behavior is extremely important in the marketing activities of tourism organizations. Researchers in the United States have developed a tourist role preference scale to measure 15 distinguishable patterns of behavior among leisure tourists. This article reports the findings of a replication study undertaken in Australia based on the American typology, to determine its intercultural applicability. The findings verify the relevance of the tourist roles in the Australian context and support the use of multidimensional scaling to define role characteristics. The results lend credence to the suggestion that optimal destination characteristics are requisite for people to enact their preferred roles. The
Demonstration Effect Revisited Pages 428-446 The demonstration effect is a concept that has been intuitively accepted by many observers as a natural consequence of tourism. But, it is a vague concept, the results of which are hard to isolate from other factors. This paper argues that it can be broken down into four forms: exact imitation, deliberately inexact imitation, accidental inexact imitation, and social learning. Each of these forms occur as a result of the decision-making process that takes place after the potential imitator has come into contact with the demonstrator. By understanding how decisions are made to imitate, it should be possible to distinguish tourism from other agents of change. CULTURE
CONFUSION: Intercultural Adaptation in Tourism Pages 447-466 Exploring other places as a tourist or a short-term sojourner is a chance for pleasure and self-discovery, but also a confusing experience. Often, people refer to culture shock, a theoretical framework with its origin in the sojourner studies of the 50s. Since the publication of a 1984 contribution in Annals of Tourism Research, more field material has surfaced pointing out the inconclusive and partly non-valid nature of the U-curve approach, especially in the context of tourism. In the present article, a new grounded theory framework—the dynamic model of culture confusion—is proposed to overcome the existing void in the theoretical understanding of short-term transitions. The
Context of Third World Tourism Marketing Pages 467-469 Correspondence The
Context of Third World Tourism Marketing Pages 469-471 Correspondence Segmenting
Cruisers by Loyalty Pages 472-475 Short Article Vertical
Integration in the European Package Tour BusinessPages 475-478 Short Article
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