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Journal Source: Annals of Tourism Research Volume 32 Volume 31 Volume 30 Volume 29 Volume 28 Volume 27 Volume 26 Volume 25 Volume 24 Volume 23 Volume 22 J. Sustainable Tourism Tourism Management  |
MSc
Responsible Tourism Management Annals
of Tourism Research [Volume 32, Issue 1] [Volume 32, Issue 3] [Volume 32, Issue 4]
COMMUNITY-BASED ECOTOURISM: The Significance of Social Capital Pages 303-324 This paper applies the concept of social capital to generate an understanding of the processes of social change leading to, and resulting from, the development of a community-based ecotourism venture in the Gambia. Results from the study indicate that while a high level of social capital may have been instrumental in the formation of this ecocamp, it could be in danger of being eroded, and environmental improvements jeopardized, because of the way in which the camp is being managed. The findings give empirical weight to the assertion that social capital is a “slippery concept”, not least because the assumed mutually constitutive relationship between cognitive and structural social capital does not hold. Collaborative policymaking: Local Sustainable Projects Pages 325-345 The emergence of local collaborative projects presents a rich vein for advancing the empirical and theoretical understanding of governance in tourism. In particular, new problems and challenges to tourism policymaking are raised, such as achieving effective organization, representation, and evaluation of outcomes. This paper evaluates a collaboration adopted by a British district council in the formulation of a local strategy for promoting the adoption of sustainable practices by tourism businesses. The key findings of the study emphasize the role of the public sector in promoting “bottom-up” forms of governance, the temporal dynamics of the process, and the reality of innovation in policymaking. The Mcdonaldization thesis and cruise tourism Pages 346-366 This paper explores the extent to which current trends within the cruiseship sector exemplify the five core principles that underpin the McDonaldization thesis. There are some ships that possess attributes consistent with the core principles: efficiency, calculability, predictability, control, and the “irrationality of rationality”. However, these vessels also exhibit qualities that are, in certain ways, inconsistent with some of these principles. Risk and post-Fordist customization, for example, have influenced cruise tourism in ways that are sometimes difficult to reconcile with McDonaldization thesis. This paper demonstrates that this thesis does not adequately speak to the nature of production and consumption on board “supersized” cruiseships. TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNTS: Implementation in Tanzania Pages 367-385 While tourism satellite accounts are officially recognized by the World Tourism Organization and the United Nations as the methodology for assessing the magnitude of the industry in a country’s economy, their implementation remains a challenge for most countries the world over. This paper highlights a “bottom-up” approach of implementation in Tanzania. The observations of this experience emphasize benefits of the process rather than simply calculating its final output of economic impact estimates. The analysis indicates a number of spin-off benefits, whose ramifications go beyond the statistical database. Co-constructing heritage at the Gettysburg storyscape Pages 386-406 Cultural production has been integral to the study of tourism. Employing the Gettysburg storyscape, the present study illustrates the way in which a text is coconstructed by both marketers and consumers through negotiation and embodied performance. Within a coconstruction model of culture, rather than merely appropriating existing meanings of the past, a text is informed by and depends upon the contingencies of the present. It is also shown how a landscape is being symbolically transformed and used by service providers and tourists alike to negotiate, define, and strengthen social values of patriotism and national unity, in times when these values are most needed. Hospitality and reciprocity: Working Tourists in Dominica Pages 407-418 This study examines the importance of host–guest relationships in community-based, working holidays. It looks at a working vacation in the Carib Territory of Dominica to assess how sociocultural systems for the treatment of tourists feature in small-scale tourism. The study finds that such working holidays appear to imitate elements of traditional forms of hospitality. Some of the duties and obligations of host–guest relationships appear to be carried into the sphere of guest-local interactions, in particular, non-monetary reciprocities. This suggests that understanding the nature of hospitality is central to analyzing small-scale, community-based tourism, and it has implications for understanding behaviors, outcomes, and impacts. Tourism and Amenity Migration: A Longitudinal Analysis Pages 419-438 Researchers and planners often assume amenity-based rural communities encourage residential relocation by tourists. Researchers have explored this question using decisionmaking models, but few have analyzed this relationship from a rural development perspective. This study used a longitudinal design to model the relationship among tourism development, net migration, and residential development in a US city from 1950 to 2001. The model also included national economic and migration trends. Bivariate results showed tourism development was positively related to migration and residential development. When controlling for national economic and migration trends, however, this effect disappeared. These findings suggest that broader economic and social conditions are the primary condition for residence change, and that tourism amenities are only secondary considerations for migration and residential development. Comprehensive and minimalist dimensions of ecotourism Pages 439-455 Analysis of core criteria of ecotourism suggests two “ideal types” based on the level of sustainability outcomes. The minimalist emphasizes superficial learning opportunities focused on charismatic megafauna, while its sustainability objectives are site-specific and status quo-oriented. The comprehensive model adopts a holistic and global approach to attractions and interpretation that fosters environmental enhancement, deep understanding, and transformation of behavior. It is argued that the comprehensive model can best promote global sustainability by accommodating selected hard (or small-scale) and soft (or large-scale) characteristics, thereby taking advantage of the economies of scale offered by the latter. Measuring efficiency in the hotel sector Pages 456-477 This study discusses, by means of data envelopment analysis, the efficiency of individual hotels belonging to the Portuguese state-owned chain, Pousadas de Portugal, which is managed by the enterprise, ENATUR. The use of this technique for the analysis of intrachain comparative hotel efficiency can be of value in examining the competitiveness of the chain as a whole. By identifying the efficient hotels in a sample, the slacks in inputs and outputs of the inefficient hotels and the peer group of efficient hotels, the data envelopment analysis stands out as one of the most promising techniques to aid the improvement of efficiency. Managerial implications arising from this study are also considered. Economics of tourism taxation: Evidence from Mauritius Pages 478-498 This paper discusses the types, objectives, principles, and effects of tourism taxation. Unlike other levies, tourism taxes can increase domestic welfare since international tourists bear most of the welfare loss associated with higher revenue. Taxing products rather than tourists affects income distribution via changes in factor markets and domestic consumption, and corrects for the distortion caused by monopoly power. A computable general equilibrium analysis for Mauritius finds that taxing tourism is relatively more efficient and equitable than levying other sectors. It also finds that a narrow policy, taxing the highly tourism-intensive sectors, extracts significantly more revenue from tourists than a broader policy where all tourism-related sectors are taxed.
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