Journal Source:

  Annals of Tourism Research
      Volume 31
      Volume 30
      Volume 29
      Volume 28
      Volume 27
      Volume 26
      Volume 25
      Volume 24
      Volume 23
      Volume 22
  J. Sustainable Tourism
  Tourism Management

MSc Responsible Tourism Management
Journal Resources

Annals of Tourism Research
Volume 24, Issue 2, Pages 265-502 (April 1997)

[Volume 24, Issue 1][Volume 24, Issue 3][Volume 24, Issue 4]


Pursuing risk or insight : Marketing Adventures, Pages 265-282
Alf H. Walle
PDF (1359 K)

Adventure tourism is often envisioned as outdoor activity where the participant confronts nature in order to experience risk. Such models are ill-suited for facilitating the marketing of many types of adventure tourism pursued by those who embrace certain cultural and personal styles. This paper distinguishes between risk-taking adventure and that which is pursued to gain knowledge or insight. In North America, both are strong traditions. Tourism scholars and practitioners should recognize this distinction and the fact that they are pursued by different kinds of target markets. Discussing adventure tourism in broader perspectives which include the participants' cultural orientation and psychological styles, a more general model is presented.

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Tourism motivation and expectation formation, Pages 283-304
Juergen Gnoth
PDF (1708 K)

This theoretical study introduces a model of tourism motivation and expectation formation. It is based on a discussion and operationalization of both the behaviorist notion of drive reduction and the cognitivist constructs of attitudes and values. While the satisfaction of inner-directed values and motivations depends on classes of objects, outer-directed values target specific objects. In the case of trying to meet the latter, planners need to follow specific parameters in their product design and resource management as they are expressed in tourists' motivations, whereas with the satisfaction of inner-directed values, planners can choose from substitutable products and product configurations. The relationship between expectations and motivations is clarified.

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Authenticity in tourism : The San Angel Inns, Pages 305-321
Frank A. Salamone
PDF (1316 K)

Although theorists have questioned and modified anthropology's culture concept, most anthropologists have continued to employ it in one form or other. Certainly, work on "tourist culture", "traditional culture", "the invention of tradition", and "authentic vs. inauthentic" culture has proceeded "as if" culture existed and "as if" social actors consciously employed cultural symbols. This paper examines the revisionist literature on the culture concept in light of an examination of the two San Angel Inns, the original in Mexico City and its "daughter" inn at Disney World, Florida. Both versions of the San Angel Inn are found to be authentic, each in its own way, thereby shedding light on the very meaning of the concept of authenticity itself.

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Selling to tourists : Indonesian street vendors, Pages 322-340
Dallen J. Timothy and Geoffrey Wall
PDF (1423 K)

If it is considered at all, the informal sector is often viewed as a problem by tourism planners. This paper examines street vendors in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, a center for cultural tourism, using the concepts of heterogeneity and differentiation, economic linkages, and government involvement. It is shown that the distinction between the informal and formal sectors is becoming increasingly blurred. The Yogyakarta vendors exhibit many of the characteristics commonly ascribed to participants in the informal sector but differ in others, particularly in legal status and government regulation. The latter can be viewed, in part, as a means of influencing the nature of resident-visitor encounters and influencing the quality of tourists' experiences.

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The making of an attraction : The case of North Cape, Pages 341-356
Jens Kristian and Steen Jacobsen
PDF (1287 K)

This article is primarily about North Cape's development as a tourism attraction. One of the central questions discussed is what kind of a place North Cape is, and what has made this headland such an important site for tourists visiting Northern Scandinavia. Drawing on a main tenet of semiotic attraction theory, the article attempts to describe and explain the gradual "sacralization" and development of North Cape as a tourism attraction. The article partly focuses on the commercial and other facilities at the promontory and briefly discusses North Cape's chances of surviving as an important site in the tourism system of the western hemisphere.

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Tourism and leisure in China : A tale of two cities, Pages 357-370
Honggen Xiao
PDF (1012 K)

This paper investigates the relationship between tourism and leisure. Based on a survey of and personal communications with international tourists, hospitality workers, and residents, an integrative approach is adopted in the case study of Xiamen and Quanzhou, two coastal cities in Fujian Province, China. The paper concludes that superficial homogeneity in the social phenomena of two cities in close vicinity does not justify an actual similarity in the interaction between tourists and residents and the integration of tourism and leisure. Previous literature is reviewed, study area and background are described, managerial implications are discussed, and departures for further integrative studies are provided.

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Mediating India : An analysis of a guidebook, Pages 371-389
Deborah P. Bhattacharyya
PDF (1478 K)

The paper presents a semiotic analysis of the most popular of the guidebooks to India, published by Lonely Planet. An analysis of this text and accompanying photographs reveal an emphasis on India's "past glory" and "exotic present". Furthermore, indigenous Indians are present in the text either as middlemen providing tourism services or as tourees, objects of tourist sightseeing interest. In this regard, the analysis concludes that this guidebook serves a primary function as mediating tourists' experiences in India in ways that reinforce both certain images of India and certain relationships with indigenous inhabitants

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Energy and tourism in Hawaii, Pages 390-401
Natalia Tabatchnaia-Tamirisa, Matthew K. Loke, PingSun Leung and Ken A. Tucker
PDF (817 K)

This paper explores the linkage between energy use and a tourism destination experiencing a rapid growth in visitors arrivals and changing visitor mix. The approach taken is to estimate the derived demand for a primary input (energy) using input-output analysis. The main finding of the study is that tourists account for a significant share (averaging 60%) of total energy and fuel use in Hawaii. Since foreign and domestic tourists, on average, use energy and fuel with different intensity, a rising proportion of foreign tourists in the total mix of tourists is predicted to increase the demand for energy and fuel in Hawaii by the end of the century.

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Modeling resident attitudes toward tourism, Pages 402-424
Kreg Lindberg and Rebecca L. Johnson
PDF (1785 K)

Numerous analyses have been performed to identify resident attitudes toward tourism. This article extends the subject by introducing a broad, synthetic conceptual model of attitudes. Using data from a survey, two sets of specific models derived from this general one are evaluated using structural equation modeling (e.g., LISREL). The value-attitude models indicate that the strength of resident values regarding economic gain better predict attitudes than do values regarding disruption within the community. The expectancy-value models indicate that perceived economic and congestion impacts have greater effect on attitudes than do perceived crime and aesthetic impacts. The data support the hypothesis that demographic variables affect attitudes indirectly through values.

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Motives of visitors attending festival events, Pages 425-439
John L. Crompton and Stacey L. McKay
PDF (1090 K)

The escape-seeking dichotomy and the push-pull factors conceptual frameworks were used to identify motives which stimulated visitors to go to events at a festival. These two frameworks were used to guide development of an instrument to measure motives. The sample participated in events that were classified into one of five categories. The extent to which the perceived relevance of motives changed across different types of events was assessed. Six motive domains emerged: cultural exploration, novelty/regression, recover equilibrium, known group socialization, external interaction/socialization, and gregariousness. These were broadly consistent with the guiding push factors framework and confirmed the utility of the escape-seeking dichotomy.

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European collaboration in sustainable tourism, Pages 440-442
Bill Bramwell
PDF (232 K)

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Ecotourism development in Australia, Pages 442-446
Gamini Herath
PDF (400 K)

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Scale effects on tourism multipliers, Pages 446-450
Geoffrey Wall
PDF (343 K)

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Identity and cultural tourism, Pages 450-452
Robert A. Stebbins
PDF (234 K)

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Life cycle model, Pages 452-455
Justine Digance
PDF (313 K)

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Cultural tourism in Portugal, Pages 455-457
Carlos Fortuna
PDF (247 K)

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Multi-destination trip patterns, Pages 458-461
Susan I. Stewart and Christine A. Vogt
PDF (313 K)

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Rethinking carrying capacity, Pages 461-465
Kreg Lindberg, Stephen McCool and George Stankey
PDF (390 K)

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Environmental management performance in tourism accommodation, Pages 465-469
R. C. Buckley and G. F. Araujo
PDF (424 K)

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Alpine tourism, Pages 469-470
Stephen L. J. Smith
PDF (150 K)

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Urban and regional tourism, Page 471
M. Saayman
PDF (88 K)

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Paradigms in tourism research, Pages 472-474
Graham M. S. Dann
PDF (254 K)

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Culture, tourism, development: Crucial issues for the twenty-first century, Pages 474-476
Hervé Barré and far Jafari
PDF (263 K)

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Sustainable tourism, Pages 477-478
Philippa Hunter-Jones
PDF (184 K)

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Who is selling Ecotourism to whom?, Pages 479-480
R. C. Buckley and E. Clough
PDF (159 K)

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The Canadian Tourism Commission, Pages 481-483
Stephen L. J. Smith and Scott Meis
PDF (239 K)

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The Ecotourism Society, Pages 483-484
Kathleen Murphy
PDF (147 K)